Essay Review
نویسندگان
چکیده
The tensions between modern science and democracy have created a variety of political dilemmas: science symbolizes and promotes liberaldemocratic values such as transparency, skepticism, and collective problem-solving, and yet also challenges these values through its exclusivity and elitism. Science contributes to the wealth and security upon which modern democracy depends, and yet also produces technological risks. Science helps make politics and policy more rational and effective, but is used to exclude those deemed irrational, and to restrict democratic procedures thought ineffective.1 During much of the postwar period, these tensions were held in check by what is commonly called a ‘social contract for science’, according to which a self-governing ‘republic of science’ received generous funding and wide-reaching freedom from political control in exchange for medical, military, and consumer technologies.2 In recent decades, however, the ‘contract’ has become the subject of careful scrutiny, and the tensions between science and democracy have come to play a central role in the daily politics of advanced industrial societies. Today, it appears to some that these tensions are being resolved in favour of
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